AMQP exchanges determine how messages are routed to queues. Different exchange types allow for different messaging patterns.
Exchange Types in AMQP
| Exchange Type | Description | Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Direct | Routes messages to a queue based on an exact routing key match | Task distribution |
| Fanout | Broadcasts messages to all bound queues | Event notifications, logging |
| Topic | Routes messages based on pattern matching (wildcards) | Selective event distribution |
| Headers | Routes messages based on message headers | Advanced filtering |
Example: Direct Exchange Routing in RabbitMQ using Python
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', exchange_type='direct')
channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs', routing_key='error', body='Error log message')
print(" [x] Sent 'Error log message'")
connection.close()